Sedação para colonoscopia: ensaio clínico comparando propofol e fentanil associado ou não ao midazolam

Abstract

Colonoscopy is one of the most performed procedures. Sedation and analgesia are fundamental, since decrease anxiety and discomfort, minimizing risks of complications and providing better conditions for the exam. As a result, patients prefer the exam to be performed under sedation and analgesia. Although, the combination of drugs that provides ideal conditions for the examination with minimal post-procedure cognitive impairment has not yet been defined. The combination of benzodiazepines with opioids has been used in colonoscopy procedures to relieve the pain and discomfort of the patient. More recently, the propofol took a prominent position. Our study is unique in the literature, specifically comparing, prospectively, the use of propofol and fentanyl associated or not to midazolam on sedation for colonoscopy, performed by anesthesiologist. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the side effects of sedation, discharge conditions from the recovery room and quality of sedation in the opinion of the endoscopist and the patient. Evaluate the consumption of propofol during colonoscopy with or without the midazolam as pre anesthetic. The study was prospective, randomised, double blind and involved 140 patients submitted to colonoscopies procedures at University Hospital – CAS at the Federal University of Juiz de Fora. All the included patients in the project were between 18 and 60 years old, ASA I and II and they signed an informed consent. Some other patients were excluded because they did not attend to the criteria of inclusion or have been using medication that acts on the central nervous system. The patients were divided in two groups. The Group I received midazolam (0.05 mg.Kg-1) intravenously as preanesthetic five minutes before the sedation, followed by the fentanyl (1 μg Kg-1) and propofol (1 mg/Kg-1) (EV). The Group II received anesthesia with fentanyl (1 μg Kg-1) and propofol (1 mg/Kg-1) intravenously. The patients from Group II showed a higher incidence of reaction (motor or verbal) to the introduction of the colonoscope, bradycardia (P < 0.04), hypotension (P = 0.121) and a higher consumption of propofol (P < 0.001). Patient satisfaction was higher in Group I (P = 0.006). In accordance with the methodology, the association of midazolam to propofol and fentanyl for sedation in colonoscopy reduces the total consumption of propofol and ensure a higher patient satisfaction.