Estudo evolutivo do sistema morfoclimático e morfotectônico da bacia do Rio Verde (MG), sudeste do Brasil

Abstract

Rio Verde's basin drains an 6.893 km2 in the meridional part of Minas Gerais State, in lands that belong to Serra da Mantiqueira and to Planalto do Alto Rio Grande. The paisagistic diversity in their perimeter singns to the mutual interference among climatic and tectonic efects acting in the reflief evolution, which supports different modalities in land use throughout History, deflecting in different morphodynamic pictures. Therefore, as principal aim of this thesis the study of the morphoclimatic and morphotectonic systems of the drainage basin in question supported by a systemic persperctive, taking as pressuposition that the integrated verification of the endogenous and exogenous agents is a necessary conduct towards an intepretation suficiently extensive of morphologic evolution in the area. In a more specific matter, it is also taken as an aim inquire the established conections to the anthopogenic dimension through the different ways of use of the land and associated ambiental alterations, which integrates to the natural evolution of the landscape conforming to different geossystems. The study of the geomorphologic surfaces has served as primordial basis to the comprehension of the refief's evolution and its compartimentation, objecting to interpret the climatic and tectonic significates that define the actual position of geomorphic surfaces and their possible correlation. Referring to superficial coverage, closer emphasis was given to existent fluvial deposites in the Rio Verde's basin, approached under an aloestratigraphic prisma, of great value to the study of quaternary deposites. It has been defined a neoquaternary aloformation which correponds to the currently active alluvial flat lands in Rio Verde and in its main affluents, designed as Rio Verde Aloformation, mainly built by a series of horizontal accretion and overflows, shaping deposites dated between 600 and 1200 years. The active tectonic thar also figures as fundamental component in the regional relief's evolution has been studied through the execution of structural analysis procedures and interpretation of recent (neotectonic) deforming effects evidencies in the relief as well as in the drainage, that abound in the studied area in the form of fluvial captures, deflection e migration of streams, fitting and abusive rectlinearity of the drainage, elevation of flood flat lands, crest displacement, failures achieving recent deposites, among other things. As subsidy to the procedures actuated for the geomorpholic and structural analysis, absolute sediment datings were driven by the Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) method, which assisted in an auspicous ways the interpretation in the morphoclimatic and morphotectonic take. Deposites of elevated alluvial flat lands have benn dated, that accused an active tectonic in essecially neoquartenary ages, comprehended between two and twelve thousand years. The results achieved by the study of the relief's natural evolution were treated ins their connections with the anthopic dimension, integrated in conformity with the geossystemic approach. Such view concieved about thirty unities of mapping defined from the relief, fundamental variable in the landscape unities in areas of active topography and submitted to an active tectonic, along with the tectonic and structural pattern, the texture of the superficial coverages, the use of the land and vegetation. Each one of the unities constitute several kinds of facies discerned in thirty mapping unities that group in a superior level that, interpretated under a bilateral classification system, correspond to geoms/macrogeocorics. In an unequivocal way, the relief's natural evolution may be integrated to the anthropogenic dimension in a systemic perspective, in which final results consubstantiate mapping unities that are reflexes of such connection. The integrated charcter of its definition, emphasizing the potentialities and restriction of the environment, can subsidize in a direct way o ambiental planning and the territorry management.