Formação para alfabetizar: lições de professoras que aprenderam

Abstract

This research work has the education of literacy teachers (professionals who are responsible for the initial teaching of the Orthographic Alphabet Writing System, or SEAO) as a central theme. Although it is notorious that guaranteeing citizenship is not enough to be literate, learning and socially practicing the ability to read and write is an essential condition for full access to citizenship. The complexity and importance of literacy training, as well as the relevance and justification for carrying out research on this theme, are thus emphasized. The general objective of such research is to understand how literacy teachers, who demonstrate successful work, have learned to do what they do so well. In order to do so, the following question was asked: "In what way (s) did successful literacy teachers learn how to effectively teach literacy, ensuring that, if not all, most of their students succeeded in the initial learning process of the Orthographic Alphabet Writing System (SEAO)? The selection of the research collaborators was based on referral from different sources, such as renowned professionals in the field, researchers of the literacy process, names in the literature and education and research dissemination events, among others. The field work was based on the constructs of Kaufmann's "Comprehensive Interview" (2013), based on a qualitative approach of a historical and cultural nature. We spoke with 18 effective literacy teachers and five experienced researchers in the literacy and teacher education field, guided by a series of flexible semi-structured interviews. We also relied on significant dialogic support throughout the process. We visited two Network Programs that involved work related to literacy teacher education. In order to analyze these findings, five significance cores were created based on the studies by Aguiar (2005) and Aguiar and Ozella (2006) as follows: Triggers of the evolutionary process for the creation of the teaching identity; Processes of formal (academic) teacher education and professional development; Teaching and the construction of knowledge; In spite of the difficulties, passion: motivation to continue and pursue permanent professional development and, finally, Possible paths. In order to understand and analyze the cores towards the proposed question, we based ourselves on the theoretical constructs of authors such as: C. Dubar, j. Larossa, M. Lüdke, C. Marcelo, C. Gauthier, A. Nóvoa, M. Tardif, P. Freire, B. Gatti, M. Soares, I. Frade, L. C. Cagliari, among others. The findings, which were analyzed in depth, confirm the dynamics and complexity of the process of (trans)formation of the literacy teacher and the acquisition of knowledge for efficient literacy, and also indicate possible ways, however modest, to make it more effective. They point to the multifaceted education of these professionals who, motivated by different activities and social relations, earn greater autonomy in their education process by actively engaging in their permanent professional development. These considerations allow us to think about the importance of a solid initial education, with specific knowledge regarding the initial learning process of the written SEAO.