Florística e padrões de distribuição da flora associada à áreas úmidas sazonais no Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca, Minas Gerais, Brasil

Abstract

The Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca (PEIB) is a smaller conservation unit in the state of Minas Gerais with campos rupestres as its main vegetation, being considered a priority area for conservation of the state's flora. Wetlands are formed during the rainy season, and are known as moist grasslands and seasonal pond, comprising a singular flora, with species adapted to organic matter richness of the soil and a great flooding amplitude. The main aim of the study was to know the richness, diversity, composition, structure and distribution of the vegetation of PEIB wetlands. The results are presented in two chapters. For the floristic survey, monthly expeditions were carried out from April 2015 to August 2016. At the moist grasslands were found 81 species, most endemics of Brazil, included in 55 genera and 21 families. At the Lagoa Seca 27 species were found, most with wild distribution, distributed in 23 genera and 11 families. In both wetlands, the hemicryptophytes were the most predominant Raunkiaer's life form. Floristics results showed a great importance for conservation with 22% of species in some threatness category, twelve species endemic to Minas Gerais state and a new Cyperaceae taxa. For the verification of the floristic diversity and for understanding the distribution patterns of plants community at the seasonal pond (Lagoa Seca) phytosociological collections were carried out in November 2015 and February, April and June 2016. Were found 24 species: 4 bryophytes and 20 angiosperms, with predominance of amphibian species, followed by the emergent ones. Juncus microcephalus (44.7) and Nymphoides indica (25.5) reached the two largest VI’s in the community. The values of diversity (H') did not vary temporally or spatially in the area. The diversity for the study area was considered low (H’= 1.83) in relation to other studies in wetlands, as equitability was considered high (J = 0.88). It has not been possible to observe a zonation of preferred species in wet or dry environments, both spatially and temporally. The measured soil moisture does not present a significant correlation with species richness, suggesting that the submersion could have a greater effect as a barrier of colonization.