Letramentos cotidianos e escolares: interfaces na educação de jovens e adultos

Abstract

This work presents the research results on the possible interfaces between daily and school literacies of an EJA group (Youth and Adult Education) of students from the municipal schools from Juiz de Fora / MG. In order to meet the main objective of this study, which is related to the verification of the relations between the literacies developed in and out of the school, it was necessary, at first, to understand the daily (also called vernacular) literacy events of this group of students and the events developed during the Portuguese classes in the studied group. It was done that aiming at a later relation between these literacies. It was still necessary to analyze the conceptions of literacy and curriculum that guided the educational practices in this context. When reflecting on the curricular issues and on the materialization of the literacies in the classrooms, it was finally necessary to discuss the concept of textual genre and its applications in teaching, since we have argued that the literacies can be developed through these artifacts and we can see how curricula are based on the social interactionist theories of language, which consider the genres as important instruments in the process of teaching and learning the language. The methodology used in this study was the qualitative research of an ethnomethodological nature, with the use of three main instruments: the questionnaire, the participant journal and the semi-structured interviews (with the 8 students who were participating and the teacher of the group). The theoretical basis for the research were the New Literacy Studies (STREET, 1984, 1993, 1995, 2003, 2012, 2014); The Post-Critical Theory of Curriculum (Silva, 2007, Barcellos, 2010, Moreira, 2011, Malta, 2013, Oliveira, 2013), and the Geneva School Theories on Genres (Dolz, Noverraz and Schneuwly, 2004) and the Theory of New Rhetoric (Bazerman, 2005, 2011). Brazilian contributions were also used in the field of literacy studies, by Kleiman (1995, 2008, 2009, 2016), Soares (1998, 2004, 2010, 2011), Rojo (2008, 2009), among others. The data analysis showed that the vernacular literacies of these students comprise events related to the familiar, professional and religious spheres and these literacies do not concern the cultural and leisure spheres. These literacies were related to the identities of these subjects as adult students and with family, professional and religious obligations. The school literacy events, on the other hand, were mapped through the observed classes and the interview with the teacher. They were interpreted, in most cases, as traditional teaching practices and, at different times, were refined with a conception of an autonomous literacy. The analysis of the relations between vernacular and school literacies pointed to the fact that there is still a reduced approximation between these instances and to the need for the school to take a more careful look at the local literacy of its students, especially those of EJA, because they are subjects with broad life experiences and with more diversified literacy levels, when compared to the students of the regular education. From a teaching initially focused on everyday literacies as starting a point, it is understood that the literacy of these students can be developed and expanded, in an ideological perspective, as proposed by Street (1984, 1993, 1995, 2003, 2012, 2014). With this study, it is expected to contribute to the discussions in the field of literacy and research in the context of the modality of Youth and Adult Education. We believe that there is still much to be reflected on these issues, so that the teaching of Portuguese in this space can be translated into effective practices and that assure the access and permanence of millions of individuals who do not have the right to read and write in Brazil.