Coleta de vespas sociais em estudos de diversidade: estado da arte e otimização do método de armadilhas atrativas

Abstract

Considering the recognized role of social wasps in the balance of ecosystems, it is clear the importance of studies on the diversity of these insects and, only from the knowledge of the behavior of the social wasps, it is possible to elaborate adequate methodologies for their collection. Thus, considering the importance of fauna inventories, the aim of this paper was to carry out a detailed analysis of the studies of diversity in social wasps conducted in Minas Gerais, when evaluating the use of attractive traps. Due to the lack of studies dedicated to the spatial attributes of the social wasp’s species, or the methods used for its collection, the study also aimed to compare the attractiveness of different variables in the elaboration of attractive traps. It also aimed to estimate and analyze in local scale the optimal distance for the installation of these traps for studies of social wasp diversity. The detailed analysis of the diversity studies followed the steps proposed by the PRISMA methodology for systematic studies and metaanalysis. The methodological procedure included the development of selection criteria, definition of search strategies, evaluation of study quality and extraction of relevant data. The experimental phase was developed at the Botanic Garden of the Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, which comprises a fragment area of Montane Semi-deciduous Forest, with 84 hectares of extension, located in the Juiz de Fora urban area, in the southeast of the State of Minas Gerais, Brasil. It was possible to observe that Minas Gerais is the State with the largest number of studies, however, the south and southeast regions concentrate most of these studies, therefore, it is highlighted the importance of the research development in the other regions, especially in the northern region, where the Caatinga Biome is located. The experiments showed that the traps must be made of bottles of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) of 0.5L, filled with 150mL of artificial juice of mango, guava or passion fruit, and installed at distances between 10m and 150m from each other. The study was able to optimize the method of attractive traps as to the size of the traps, the type of attractive food source and the number of traps used in the field.