Determinantes da composição do endividamento das empresas brasileiras: a consideração da maturidade e da fonte de financiamento

Abstract

In corporate finance field, there is a vast literature about the capital structure determinants. However, studies have focused on the differences between equity and debt, while the literature about debt structure (maturity and source) is relatively scarce. As such, this study aims to promote empirical research about characteristics that influence debt maturity choice (short or long term debt) and funding source (public offering or private placement). Therefore, Panel Data Method is used in order to consider both time and cross-sectional dimensions, aided by simultaneous equations approach, as literature indicates the presence of regressors endogeneity. Sample data, regarding Brazilian companies listed on São Paulo Stock Exchange (BOVESPA) and Sociedade Operadora do Mercado de Ativos (SOMA), were collected from Economatica® database. The results show that mature and well-established Brazilian firms tend to prefer internal resources when financing projects, as suggested by Pecking Order Theory. However, when they seek external resources, private debt sources, such as banks, are important for Brazilian companies. We can also say that there are strong indications of the process known as "collateralized debt", especially when it comes from private sources and short-term funds. Another interesting result is the debt structure decision is also influenced by "opportunities windows", probably because it increases financial markets liquidity, reducing the cost of public debt compared to private debt.