Repercussões da cirurgia bariátrica na qualidade de vida de pacientes com obesidade mórbida

Abstract

Obesity is a complex and multifactorial disease, involving genetic, behavioral, metabolic and environmental factors are associated with the risk of developing chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, obstructive sleep apnea, osteoarthritis and some types of cancer. Conventional treatment is still producing unsatisfactory results, with 95% of patients recovering their initial weight within two years. Thus, the indication of bariatric surgery is becoming increasingly common for providing weight loss, resolution or reduction of comorbidities, and improve the individual's quality of life. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of bariatric surgery on quality of life of obese individuals as well as possible changes in the biochemical profile and pain between times 1 (one month before surgery), point 2 (three months after the surgery) 3 and the time (six months after surgery). The research was conducted with participants of the bariatric surgery program at a hospital in the city of Juiz de Fora - MG. We evaluated the quality of life, the biochemical profile and pain through the SF-36 instruments, analysis of records and visual numeric scale, respectively. The mean age was 38.2 ± 9.8 years, 52 (82.5%) females and 11 (17.5%) were male. The results showed that the proportion of comorbidities decreased from 65% at 1 to 38.1% at 3. There was a reduction in body mass, BMI and biochemical variables in HDL, LDL, VLDL cholesterol and triglycerides, except vitamin B12, after 6 months. Regarding quality of life, except in the emotional aspects, there was a statistically significant improvement in functional capacity, physical aspects, pain, general health, vitality, social functioning and mental health. The proportion of patients who reported feeling pain decreased from 85.7% at 1 to 63.5% at 3 and pain intensity reduced the time 1 to time 3. We conclude that bariatric surgery had a positive effect in most domains of quality of life, reducing the intensity of pain, reduction of comorbidities and improving the biochemical profile of these patients assessed 3 and 6 months after surgery. In addition, it is clear that psychological counseling as well as practice-oriented exercise in order to maintain the success of the surgery is necessary.