Qualidade no telejornalismo: parâmetros para avaliação em emissoras públicas e comerciais

Abstract

Quality is a reference for journalistic practice. However, the concept is still needs analytical tools to enable both the public and the journalists to evaluate the news. This research aims at understanding how public and private broadcasters deals with quality at prime time newscasts. The issue was studied through an extensive literature review, field work, and, subsequently, an analysis of audiovisual materiality. By doing this we intend to reveal the differences and the similarities between the practices and the quality concepts deployed by stations with different kinds of funding, systematizing, from that tension, new analytical operators and measurements of TV news quality facing the public and journalism professionals. For this, the following television newscasts were taken as empirical objects of research: the Jornal Nacional, produced by Rede Globo, a private broadcaster, and Repórter Brasil Segunda Edição, of the TV Brasil, a public broadcaster. Two matrix of specific assessment are developed for each type of station, consisting of seven categories covering axis such as plurality, autonomy, contextualization, impartiality and technicality. Based on this tool, 165 informative audiovisual items are analyzed, including reports, live and notes with images. The results show that broadcasters have distinct qualitative parameters such as the focus on audience and scoop in the case of private broadcasters, and autonomy and citizen participation for public broadcasters. However, other aspects such as independence, the event's context, and plurality are part of the discourse of both broadcasters analyzed. The arrays demonstrate to be important and effective to provide citizens with instruments that can be useful for assessing the news production. This work also seeks to advance other researches about quality, particularly through the creation of the Quality Index (Índice de Qualidade), a coefficient that can measure the quality of a television informative piece.