Inserção e competitividade das exportações brasileiras nos mercados latino-americanos

Abstract

The aim of this work is to evaluate the possible consequences of the expansion of Brazilian exports policy towards the Latin American markets. Specifically, it intends to analyze what are the likely macroeconomic and sectoral outcomes of the search for greater integration and competitiveness of Brazilian exports in the Latin American and Caribbean region. From a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model (LATES-BR (Perobelli et al., 2015), intersectoral linkages, as well as second-round effects and replacement, are considered in the projections. The National Export Plan 2015-2018 (PNE 2015-2018) serves as a reference to the extent that relates potential products and markets in the region. The main results point to a positive growth of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by about 0.15 to 0.16%, and suggest an increase between 0.11 and 0.13% for the aggregate employment in the short run. In turn, the long run economic environment, the GDP tends to increase from 0.18 to 0.20%, and salary real possibly rises from 0.49 to 0.50%. In terms of sectors, products with higher demands for productive efficiencies (i.e., with greater demands for increased productivity) match Oils and vegetable and animal fats, Pork, Cattle and other live animals, wood products, furniture exclusive, Pesticides and household cleaning disinfectants, Various chemicals products, Cars, trucks and SUVs and trucks and buses, including cabins, truck bodies and trailers. Because of heterogeneity regarding the intensity and replace the use of primary factors, the variations on productivity may be higher (or lower) depending on the way how is the improvement of production efficiency (generally, only at work or only by capital). An example applies to the iron ore, which should be intensive in the use of capital factor requires a very high productive effort when the gain productive efficiency is through work. Thus, it is believed that the techniques used in this work, as well as the results designed from this work can serve as a tool for agents of Brazil's trade policy. Highlighted in discussions about feasibility and effects of trade policies and targets set (or to be traced) in the PNE 2015-2018.