A influência das cargas de treinamento e recuperação sobre índices de lesão em diferentes períodos de treinamento de uma equipe de voleibol profissional

Abstract

The training load (TL), as the recovery state of athletes, has a relationship with the appearance of sports injuries. In this way, the objectives of the present study were: 1) To analyze the influence of the TL and recovery on the injury rates in volleyball players. 2) To analyze, from TL and recovery, the probability of appearance of an injury in volleyball players. 3) To analyze the influence of the TL on the injury rates in volleyball players during pre-season. 4) To analyze the influence of different models of periodization on the injury rates in volleyball players during pre-season. For the objectives 1 and 2, it was utilized a sample of 14 male professional players (26,7 ± 5,5 years old; 95,8 ± 8,2 kg; 1,97 ± 7,9 cm), from a team playing the most important national league of volleyball in Brazil. All the training sessions and games were monitored during 27 weeks of the season, being 13 weeks of the pre-season and 14 weeks of the competitive phase. The TL was monitored daily through the Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE). From these values, it was calculated the Weekly Training Load (WTL), monotony and strain. The recovery status was recorded through the Total Quality Recovery (TQR) at the beginning of the training weeks. The medical department staff (1 physician and 2 physiotherapists) diagnosed and recorded the injury data. For the objectives 3 and 4, it was utilized a sample with 26 players (25,2 ± 5,4 years old; 92,7 ± 10,5 kg; 1,94 ± 7,9 cm) from the same team during two preparatory periods of successive seasons. There was a monitoring of the same tools cited above. All analyzes were made in the statistical software SPSS 20.0 with a significance level of 5%. The main findings indicated that during one season, the players were exposed to 4573,31 hours of training and games. From that, it was found an incidence of 13,99 injuries/1000h, being 11,58 injuries/1000h due overload and 2,40 injuries/1000h due trauma. In the same period, it was observed a greater injury incidence (p= 0,003) and greater WTL (p= 0,004) in the pre-season period compared to the competitive period. The healthy players showed a lower average value of RPE (p= 0,038), WT (p= 0,027) and strain (p= 0,006) when compared to players injured by overuse. The TQR was greater on the healthy group in comparison to the injured groups (p= 0,001 and p=0,006). The biggest injury probability was related to greater RPE values (risk factor) (p= 0,005) and lower values of TQR (protection factor) (p= 0,005). The injury risk is eight time bigger in athletes that show greater RPE values.

The chance of being classified as injured increases 725% for each unity increase on the RPE and decreased 42% for each unity increase on the TQR. Regarding the observation of two preparatory periods, it was observed a positive correlation between the WTL and the incidence of injury (p=0,016). That is, the greater the WTL, the higher the incidence of injury. When comparing two distinct preparatory periods, it is noted that the pre-season that showed the lowest RPE values (p=0,038), lowest external TL (p=0,003) and lowest WTL (p=0,042), also showed the lower prevalence of injuries (p=0,040).