Análise comparativa de sistemas de revestimento: estudo dos revestimentos cerâmicos, porcelanatos e texturas acrílicas com ênfase em fachadas

Abstract

Façade claddings play a crucial role in protecting structures against weathering, while also directly influencing the durability, performance and aesthetics of buildings. Among the solutions most widely used in civil construction are ceramic tiles, porcelain stoneware tiles and acrylic textured coatings, systems that behave differently with regard to mechanical properties, execution techniques and susceptibility to pathological manifestations. Accordingly, this work consists of a comparative literature review of these three cladding solutions, focusing on their technical characteristics, installation methods, recurring failures and preventive guidelines for extending the service life of the system. The theoretical framework was based on the analysis of Brazilian technical standards (ABNT), scientific articles, dissertations and theses of reference in the field of building technology. The reviewed literature indicates that the efficiency of any of these systems is linked to a triad: correct specification of the material, rigour in execution and a periodic maintenance plan. It is observed in the academic field that ceramic and porcelain stoneware claddings offer excellent longevity and resistance to stresses, but require strict control of substrate preparation, the selection of specific adhesive mortars and the correct sizing of movement and bond-breaking joints. In contrast, acrylic textured coatings offer advantages such as reduced load on the structure, rapid application and low maintenance complexity, although they require shorter conservation cycles and present lower resistance to mechanical impact. It is concluded that the selection of the ideal cladding should not be purely aesthetic; it must consider the building typology, the local microclimate and the feasibility of maintenance, ensuring the safety and the expected performance of the building envelope.