A saúde mental na segurança pública: uma revisão integrativa sobre burnout, adicção e suicídio na Polícia Militar da Bahia

Abstract

Public security in the state of Bahia is characterized by a routine involving high levels of danger, long working hours, and constant exposure to critical events, making Military Police officers vulnerable to mental illness. This study is justified by the urgent need to understand the impact of extreme occupational stress, given the context of heightened violence and the alarming suicide rates within the profession. The research problem consists of identifying how psychosocial factors and sociodemographic profiles contribute to the prevalence of Burnout Syndrome within the institution. This study aims to analyze the prevalence and factors associated with Burnout Syndrome (BS) among members of the Bahia Military Police (PMBA), integrating evidence on epidemiological and sociodemographic profiles, allowing the identification of vulnerabilities within the institution and examining whether there is any relationship between violence in the state, the high suicide rates among police officers, and the mental health problems affecting the force. The methodology consists of an integrative literature review, focusing on cross-sectional studies that use instruments to assess Burnout Syndrome. As expected results, the study seeks to confirm the strong relationship between Burnout Syndrome and psychosocial aspects of work, providing support for the implementation of public policies aimed at suicide prevention and mental health promotion, and demonstrating that the mental health problems affecting the force are a direct reflection of constant exposure to critical events and the military lifestyle. It is concluded that public insecurity in Bahia, combined with inadequate institutional health policies, acts as a driving force behind a crisis affecting the human resources of public security, requiring urgent prevention strategies based on a biopsychosocial approach, which are important to ensure the health of military personnel and the effectiveness of protection provided to Bahian society.