Hábitos de higiene bucal de crianças e adolescentes com Transtorno do Espectro Autista em Juiz de Fora - MG

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the oral hygiene habits of children and adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in the city of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil, as well as to identify associated behavioral factors and the main challenges faced by caregivers in performing these practices. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a convenience sample composed of parents or caregivers of children and adolescents with ASD (0–18 years) living in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Data were collected through a structured self-administered questionnaire available in an electronic form, including sociodemographic, clinical, and oral hygiene-related information. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, adopting a significance level of 5%. Results: A total of 130 respondents participated, with a predominance of mothers (86.9%) and female respondents (90.0%). Among the children/adolescents, males predominated (76.9%), and most were aged up to 10 years (65.4%). The majority brushed their teeth one to two times per day (61.5%) and required assistance (66.1%). A high frequency of resistance to oral hygiene was observed (73.1%), while 70.0% used fluoridated toothpaste. Higher family income was significantly associated with greater brushing frequency (p = 0.002). Age and level of support were associated with the need for assistance (p < 0.001), with younger children and those requiring higher levels of support being more dependent. The level of support was also associated with lower brushing frequency (p = 0.013). No significant associations were found with race/ethnicity or verbal communication. Conclusion: Children and adolescents with ASD show high dependence on caregivers for oral hygiene and a high frequency of behavioral resistance, influenced by sociodemographic and clinical factors, particularly income, age, and level of support.