Insatisfação corporal em adolescentes de municípios de pequeno porte

Abstract

Due to the physical and psychosocial changes that occur on the adolescence, a lot of young boys and girls can suffer dissatisfaction with their body image that can be caused by biological and sociocultural factors. Thus, this study sought analyze the incidence of teenagers body dissatisfaction specially whose that live in small cities and the influence of other factors like these: age, sex and nutritional state on this dissatisfaction with the body. An transversal epidemiological research was donne with students among 15 to 19 years old that live on cities with until 5.000 inhabitants located in the mineira Zona da Mata , around the 70 Km the Juiz de Fora city, Minas Gerais. According to the informations, nine cities were found with 1.015 matriculated students on medium degree. Four cities were selected on the simple aleatory form. In each one, an census was donne with all the elegible students trying to reach a relevant number of youthes compounding a pattern with 413 students. The body dissatisfaction was evaluated by the Body Shape Questionnaire and by Escala Evaliacíon de Insatisfaíon Corporal para Adolescentes, both made valid to the brazilian teenagers population. The age, the sex and the nutritional state were the independent variances selected to verify the students relation with the body dissatisfaction. A software SPSS v.17.0 was used to make the variances descriptive analysis and the statistics tests to verify the biological variances relation with the body dissatisfaction by using the significance level of 5%. The Komolgorov Smimov test; the Kruskall-Wallis test with post hoc Bonferroni and Mann-Whitney test were utilized to evaluate the dissatisfaction among the young people that live in small cities selected with independents variables. The age average was 16,6 ± 1,4 years old, 178 males (41,3%) and 235 females (56,9%). The majority of the teenagers, 71,9%, was classified with normal Body mass index. The general averages of the Body Shape Questionnaire was 66,78 ± 29,63 with classification 73,6% of adolescents considered points themselves free of corporal dissatisfaction. The EEICA‟s score was 17,96 ± 11,74 points, however, this scale can‟t dissatisfaction classification. Among the researched cities, there was a significant dissatisfaction difference (p< 0,05) an it was observed that the girls were more dissatisfaction than the boys. It was also noticed that the students with body mass index above average were more dissatisfation. It was conclude that the dissatisfaction didn‟t have great incidence among the teenagers in the researched small cities. However, it was perceived that some variances, as the nutritional state and sex are factors that contribute to the body dissatisfaction. Epidemiologic studies, like this research, are important to evaluate the corporal image relation with body dissatisfaction among the teenagers of the regions with different sociodemographical contexts. Besides, they serve to detect which are the principal factors that influence on the increase of the youth‟s dissatisfaction with own body.