No caminho, uma pedra: as narrativas sobre patrimônio, preservação e destruição nos livros didáticos de História do 6º ano aprovados no PNLD 2024

Abstract

This dissertation, titled “A Stone on the Path: Narratives of Heritage, Preservation, and Destruction in 6th Grade History Textbooks Approved by PNLD 2024,” had as its central objective to analyze the discourses and conceptions regarding Cultural Heritage present in the fourteen History textbooks intended for the 6th grade of Ensino Fundamental (Brazilian Primary/Middle School), approved in the Programa Nacional do Livro e do Material Didático (PNLD) 2024. The research is justified by the need to evaluate the quality and breadth of the approaches to the topic, in a context where the Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC - National Common Curricular Base) addresses it abstractly in the early grades and is silent about it in the later grades. The method employed consisted of a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the works, using Laurence Bardin’s Content Analysis combined with Coll’s Taxonomy to classify the predominant approaches in the narratives of preservation and destruction of Heritage. The results of the investigation indicated that Heritage is primarily treated through positivized and under-problematized narratives, instrumentalizing the concept as a consensual, universal, and positive value. A systematic predominance of the Western and Eurocentric discourse was observed in the narratives about heritage, which focuses excessively on materiality to the detriment of immateriality. This essentialized and uncritical approach prevents the development of a plural view of Heritage and its reasons for existence and communicability with the subjects.