Efeito da idade relativa nos Jogos Estudantis Valadarenses: uma análise das modalidades atletismo e natação

Abstract

In sports, the Relative Age Effect (RAE) constitutes a selection bias in which athletes born early in the selection year have a greater probability to be perceived as talented. RAE’s manifestations are categorized in individual, task and environmental constraints, thus being highly related to the overall sports context. In this regard, it is key to investigate this effect in different athletic contexts. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the distribution of RAE at the JEV (Jogos Estudantis Valadarenses), a school competition held in Governador Valadares, MG; looking specifically into track and field and swimming events. Were considered the dates of birth of 647 student- athletes, as they were classified in: male and female, modules 1 and 2, and podium and out-of-podium. Data was analyzed using a chi-squared test. RAE was found in select groups, such as: male track and field (p = 0,001; V = 0,28), module 2 swimming (p < 0,001; V = 0,58) and out-of-podium swimming (p = 0,006; V = 0,48). The presence of RAE was not broadly verifiable, nor any association of RAE with competitive results. Considering the importance of school sports to athletic development, it is important to educate coaches about the selection biases caused by RAE, as well as to provide a more consistent spread of opportunities to all participants in school sports.