Evolução do endividamento e da capacidade de pagamento das famílias brasileiras: uma análise dos indicadores da PEIC (2020–2024)

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the evolution of household indebtedness and payment capacity in Brazil between 2020 and 2024, based on indicators from the Pesquisa de Endividamento e Inadimplência do Consumidor (PEIC). It is a descriptive study with a quantitative and documentary approach, using secondary data published by the Confederação Nacional do Comércio de Bens, Serviços e Turismo (CNC). Four main indicators were analyzed: the percentage of indebted households, the percentage of delinquent households, the percentage of households reporting inability to repay their debts, and the average share of household income committed to debt payments. The results showed an increase in the proportion of indebted households, as well as growth in delinquency and inability to pay over the analyzed period. On the other hand, the average share of income committed to debt remained stable. The interpretation of the results, considering the economic context of the period and theoretical frameworks related to consumption and indebtedness decisions over time, suggests that emergency policies and debt renegotiation initiatives may have provided temporary relief, but did not prevent many households from continuing to face difficulties in organizing their budgets and keeping their financial obligations up to date. Overall, the study provides an organized overview of the evolution of Brazilian household indebtedness during the analyzed period.