Educação em saúde na era digital: oportunidades e dilemas éticos no uso das redes sociais

Abstract

Social networks are relevant tools for disseminating information and, when used appropriately, can bring significant benefits to both patients and health professionals, especially in the context of health education. However, it is essential to consider the ethical implications involved in their use. Objectives: To understand the role of social networks in promoting health education. To identify how social networks can be used effectively for health education. To detect the main ethical challenges faced by nurses when using social networks to interact with patients and/or disseminate information. To provide support so that professionals can use these platforms in an ethical and responsible manner. Method: This is an integrative review study that used 15 articles in its sample, which allowed the structure of four thematic categories, namely: Results: 1) The role of social networks as work tools in health education: Social media have proven to be effective in health promotion, education, health surveillance, and support for professional practice. They facilitate communication with patients, strengthen teaching and research, and expand access to information. However, there is still resistance on the part of teachers and difficulties in incorporating these technologies into teaching. 2) Social networks and health education: Social networks have proven to be effective tools in health education, especially in the care of chronic diseases, offering rapid access to information and support for teaching. Students recognize their educational potential and are enthusiastic about training on the subject, although there are also risks associated with self-esteem and a sedentary lifestyle, reinforcing the need for conscious and qualified use. 3) Main ethical challenges faced by nurses when using social networks: The professional use of social media raises important ethical questions, especially related to privacy, confidentiality, and conduct. Studies identify undue exposure of patients by students and professionals, highlighting the urgency of solid ethical training and clear guidelines for conduct. 4) Support for nurses to use platforms ethically and responsibly: Studies indicate a lack of knowledge of COFEN Resolution No. 554/2017, in addition to the occurrence of inappropriate behavior in virtual environments. This reveals the urgent need for specific regulations, ongoing ethical training, and critical reflection on the role of nursing in the digital environment. Final considerations: Social networks are important tools in promoting health education and strengthen the role of nurses as educators. However, their use requires ethical preparation, knowledge of current regulations, and ongoing training. The gaps in training and regulation indicate the need for greater investment in Continuing Education policies and studies that delve deeper into this topic, which is still little explored in the literature.