Orientações de enfermagem para alta hospitalar como estratégia para segurança do paciente no pós-operatório de transplante renal

Abstract

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a serious global public health issue. In its advanced stage, it often requires renal replacement therapies, with kidney transplantation being the most effective option in terms of survival and quality of life. However, the success of this treatment depends directly on continuous care during the perioperative period, especially at hospital discharge, which represents a critical transition to home care. In this context, nursing guidance plays a fundamental role in promoting patient safety by ensuring treatment adherence, preventing complications, and fostering the autonomy of both the patient and their family in the recovery process. This study, through a narrative literature review, analyzed scientific evidence highlighting the importance of educational interventions, effective communication, and the role of nurses in ensuring continuity of care. The databases used for the literature search were SciELO, PubMed, and LILACS. The selected studies indicate that qualified nursing practice—patient-centered, supported by protocols and personalized educational strategies—contributes significantly to reducing risks, hospital readmissions, and treatment failures. Elements such as the use of safe discharge algorithms, strengthening the bond with the care team, and post-discharge follow-up have proven effective in enhancing the safety of kidney transplant patients. Thus, it is concluded that nursing-led hospital discharge guidance plays a strategic role in articulating the various levels of healthcare and is a key element in strengthening safe, humanized, and continuous care.