Otimização de microrredes híbridas com V2G e BESS: análise de carga, geração e sazonalidade com impactos econômico-ambientais

Abstract

This dissertation addresses the optimization of isolated hybrid microgrids, integrating electric vehicles (EVs) with Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) functionality, battery energy storage systems (BESS), solar and wind generation, focusing on load, renewable generation and seasonality analysis, as well as economic-environmental impacts. Through a comprehensive literature review, the historical, technical, and operational aspects of EVs are explored, along with challenges associated with charging infrastructure and renewable source integration in microgrids, highlighting the evolution from the 19th century to contemporary sustainability policies. A multi-objective optimization model based on mixed-integer linear programming (MO-MILP), implemented in MATLAB, is proposed to minimize diesel consumption, BESS degradation, and CO2 emissions while maximizing V2G usage during peak hours. The methodology includes mathematical modeling of components, Monte Carlo simulations to capture uncertainties using SARIMA, AR, and Markov Chain models, considering climatic interdependencies, and economic analyses (NPV, IRR, payback, LCOE). Results show a 29.3% reduction in emissions, BESS lifespan of 8 years, and financial unviability with a 24-year payback, validating the approach in isolated scenarios in Brazil. This research contributes to sustainable electromobility and efficient energy management in isolated microgrids, aligning with national decarbonization goals and promoting the energy transition.