A liberdade em Husserl: o cerceamento da liberdade e o impacto ético na crise do século XXI

Abstract

The goal of the dissertation is to analyze the idea of freedom in Edmund Husserl’s articles published in Kaizo journal, and his writings in Ideas II, Crisis and Cartesian Meditations. Doing the epoché, four conditions for freedom were found: rationality, spontaneity, contingence, and autonomy. These conditions are echoes in Husserl's work of Gottfried W. Leibniz and Immanuel Kant’s philosophy. Besides, another condition for freedom in phenomenology is the relation with the other, the intersubjectivity, ethics being the ultimate field in which freedom is realized. The Ego can relate with the world and with the others in its own way. He is able to give sense and to open himself to the other, to have deeper experiences with each other. From this relationship rises a community of Egos guided by a telos. Applied to contemporary issues, the notion of freedom and intersubjectivity in Husserl can contribute to the analysis and solution of ethical dilemmas. In this dissertation, the concrete and actual case analyzed is the veiling of the lifeworld throughout the mathematization of the virtual world considering the usage of A.I.s. These tools have been contributing to the curtailment of freedom. Therefrom, we need to return to the things themselves and renew the community as proposed by Husserl and promote a broader and responsible exercise of freedom.