Avaliação da emissão de gases de efeito estufa em uma pequena propriedade de agricultura familiar em Minas Gerais

Abstract

This study aims to develop an inventory of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions on a family farm located in the municipality of Caputira, Minas Gerais, using IPCC methodologies and Brazilian national inventories. The analysis considers the main emission sources in the agricultural sector: enteric fermentation, manure management, managed soils, and liming. The farm analyzed has a production system with an emphasis on dairy farming and the cultivation of crops such as coffee, corn, and sugarcane. The estimated total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions were 83.06 tCO₂e/year. The main emission source identified was cattle enteric fermentation, responsible for 58.78% of emissions, followed by emissions from managed soils (39.03%) and animal manure management (2.19%). On the other hand, the presence of native forest areas and coffee plantations on the property contributes to the removal of carbon from the atmosphere, acting as important sinks for greenhouse gases. Based on literature estimates, carbon sequestration in these areas could be approximately 159.44 tCO₂e/year, resulting in net emissions of approximately -76.38 tCO₂e/year. This interaction between emissions and removals highlights the potential of family farming not only as a food producer but also as a relevant agent in mitigating climate change. By conserving native vegetation and adopting sustainable practices, rural producers contribute to environmental balance and strengthen ecosystem services essential to the resilience of the agricultural sector. The study also proposes sustainable practices aligned with the ABC+ Plan, such as efficient pasture management, composting, the use of biodigesters, rational fertilization, and agroforestry systems, reinforcing the importance of family farming in building a low-carbon agriculture sector.