Do complexo ao mínimo: otimização de parâmetros para reprodução eficiente de curvas de restituição e do potencial de ação

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Among the various conditions affecting the cardiovascular system, those associated with the heart’s electrical conduction system, such as arrhythmias, deserve special attention. Computational simulation of cardiac electromechanical activity is a valuable tool for studying and interpreting physiological measurements and cardiac phenomena. However, traditional computational models, such as ToRORd with 44 differential equations, are highly demanding in terms of computational resources, requiring many hours of simulation. In this work, the Bueno-Orovio Minimal Model was optimized to reproduce the electrophysiological properties of the ToRORd model: action potential duration, effective refractory period, and restitution curves. Global sensitivity analysis via Sobol method identified the 13 most influential model parameters. Two evolutionary algorithms were applied and compared: Differential Evolution and NSGA-II. The study included Pareto frontier analysis and investigation of trade-offs between different electrophysiological properties. The simplified model with 4 ordinary differential equations reproduced the electrophysiological properties with a relative error of 4.5% compared to the original model, reducing computational time by 11%. Parameter optimization preserved essential aspects of cardiac dynamics with superior computational efficiency.