Recuperação autonômica cardíaca: influência do treinamento físico, da intensidade do exercício e proposição de um método para o estudo da reativação vagal plena pós-exercício

Abstract

The physical exercise promotes a series of physiologic changes in the human organism, causing, reflexly, vagal tone withdrawal and rising of the sympathetic activation to the heart. This set of responses is behind the heart rate (HR) rising, that occurs in any type of physical exercise. Immediately after the exercise end, the HR goes down exponentially, and this fall is mediated, predominantly, by the vagal reactivation. According as the recovery continues, the fall of the HR is gradual and sustained. At this phase, further the vagal reactivation, there is also the sympathetic tonus withdrawal. The investigation of the post-exercise recovery heart rate magnitude, so, is a way to assess the autonomic cardiovascular integrity. Recently, studies have proposed adequate methods to assess the Heart Rate Variability in the post-exercise recovery period. This appliance allows a complementary understanding of the cardiac autonomic recovery related procedures, and because of that, has potential clinical relevance. The present thesis focused on the study of the postexercise autonomic cardiac recovery. In the first study, we proposed a identification method of the time required to the post-exercise full vagal reactivation and it was verified the influence of the training level at this time. 18 young subjects participated in the study; they were divided into a group of “low training level” and other group of “high training level”, there was observed faster full vagal reactivation in the second group. In the second study, we proposed a new identification method of the time required to the post-exercise full vagal reactivation, the influence of the physical exercise at this time was verified and the results of the new method were compared to the ones of the first study method. 10 young and sedentary subjects participated in this study. The full vagal reactivation was slower after the intense exercise compared to the moderate exercise, independent of the method used. However, there was difference in the full vagal reactivation time between the methods used and more studies are necessary to define what is the best method. In the third study we verified the influence of the physical exercise intensity in the 24 hours heart rate and the post-exercise heart rate variability behavior. We divided the 24 hours into: lab period, with 1 hour of duration and; ambulatory period, with 23 hours of duration. We observed higher values of HR and lower values of HRV, during the recovery first hour, after intense exercise, compared to the moderate exercise; and lower HF-HRV values, at sleep period, after intense exercise, compared to the moderate exercise and baseline. In conclusion, the physical training level and the physical exercise intensity influence the cardiac autonomic recovery and the identification of full vagal reactivation method can be appropriate to assess the exercise impact on the postexercise cardiac vagal modulation. The assess of the HRV in the sleep period also seemed to be interesting and have to be better investigated to subsequent practical application.