Planejamento, execução e monitoramento de intervenções nutricionais para diabetes na atenção primária: revisão de escopo

Abstract

This scoping review aimed to map in the scientific literature the key elements involved in the planning, implementation, and monitoring of nutritional education interventions for individuals with diabetes mellitus in Primary Health Care (PHC). The review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodological guidelines and included studies on nutritional education interventions targeting individuals with type 1 or type 2 diabetes developed within PHC settings, regardless of methodological approach (quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods). Searches were conducted in the databases MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, LILACS, and BDENF, complemented by grey literature sources such as Google Scholar, thesis repositories, and documents from the World Health Organization. No restrictions were applied regarding language or year of publication. Study selection was performed independently and in pairs, and data were analyzed through inductive qualitative categorization. A total of 16 studies published between 2010 and 2023 were included, most of which employed quantitative designs and focused on people with type 2 diabetes. A lack of studies employing qualitative or mixed approaches to explore subjective and contextual aspects of educational practices was observed. The findings were organized into three analytical categories: (1) Organization and Planning, which addresses logistical elements and material adequacy; (2) Content and Teaching Approaches, which highlights the importance of critical, accessible, and up-to-date methods; and (3) Implementation and Engagement, which encompasses strategies for active participation, self-care promotion, and continuous monitoring. The educational actions analyzed align with international guidelines and public policies that advocate for emancipatory and person-centered practices. These interventions contribute to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals, particularly in health, education, and inequality reduction. Most studies were conducted in Asia and Europe, with limited representation from Latin America, indicating a need for increased scientific production in Brazil. It is concluded that nutritional education interventions in PHC should be understood as complex and integrated practices, requiring careful planning, participatory methodologies, and ongoing evaluation, with the potential to promote sustainable changes in eating habits and improve clinical outcomes and quality of life for individuals with diabetes.