Treinamento físico em mulheres adultas com síndrome metabólica: uma revisão integrativa

Abstract

Introduction: Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is a complex disorder represented by a set of cardiovascular risk factors commonly related to accumulation of abdominal fat and insulin resistance. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its individual components (particularly obesity and insulin resistance) has increased significantly in recent decades. The physical training has a pronounced protective effect against metabolic diseases and the multitissue adaptations triggered by exercise based on its significant modulating impact on the disease. However, physical activity as a treatment for metabolic conditions remains underutilized, often being disregarded in favor of pharmacological treatments or other interventions that tend to be more economically profitable. Objectives: This study aims to conduct an integrative literature review to analyze the influences of physical training on variables that comprise metabolic syndrome in adult women. Methods: A search was carried out in the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM/Pubmed), Scielo e Virtual Health Library (VHL). It included studies in Portuguese and English between January 2020 and December 2024. The search was done in accordance with the PICOS strategy. It was considered only randomized clinical trials that analyze adult women with metabolic syndrome and evaluate (minimally) some variables related to components of MS. Results and Conclusion: The physical training with structured, supervised and adapted to the population profile are capable of making positive effects on parameters such as insulin resistance, body composition, lipid profile, blood pressure and cardiorespiratory capacity in relatively short periods. Furthermore, the findings suggest that physical training is a safe, accessible, and effective tool for female metabolic rehabilitation and can be included as an essential part of therapeutic and preventive strategies in public health.