Termodinâmica de buracos negros de Schwarzschild

Abstract

This work aims to establish the connections between the laws of Black Hole Thermodynamics and those of Classical Thermodynamics, pointing out their possible similarities. In the 1970s, physicists Stephen W. Hawking and Jacob D. Bekenstein sought these connections, developing remarkably important works on the subject. Hawking had the merit of establishing that a black hole emits radiation similarly to a black body, having a temperature spectrum, and this temperature being inversely proportional to the mass of the black hole. Bekenstein, in turn, looked for a correlation between the laws of Classical Thermodynamics and the parameters of black holes. Therefore, in this work, we initially sought to study Schwarzschild black holes, their general properties, and the Eddington-Finkelstein coordinates, in order to remove the singularity present in the event horizon. Once the general properties are defined, we establish the existing correlations between the parameters of black holes with Classical Thermodynamics, enunciating the laws of Black Hole Thermodynamics. Finally, we show, briefly, that the Hawking radiation, which is emitted by a black hole, and is inversely proportional to its mass, is analogous to the thermal radiation emitted by a black body.