Framework de seleção de alternativas para construção civil: estudo de caso sobre revestimento de áreas expostas à água

Abstract

Floor and wall covering with ceramic tiles, which is practically universal in the Brazilian context, is a practically artisanal system that contains many elements/steps, with intense resource consumption, low productivity and high waste generation. In this scenario, replacing ceramic tiles with more rationalized covering systems is a possibility to mitigate such setbacks, maintaining or improving the performance of the covering system. Therefore, the objective of the research is to develop and evaluate a framework for solutions to replace ceramic tiles in the covering of areas exposed to water, mapping the activity rigorously, understanding how the system is currently done, raising alternatives for covering wet areas, ranking alternatives and detailing the best solution for possible implementation. The diagnosis was made through Value Stream Mapping (VSM), the Ishikawa Diagram and the SWOT Matrix in a case study in a “Minha Casa, Minha Vida” project of the construction company partnering with this project. The alternative selection methodology applied is the Fuzzy-TOPSIS multicriteria decision-making analysis method, which consists of logically ordering alternatives based on their proximity to ideal solutions. As a result, the diagnosis indicated that the main bottlenecks are linked to the laying and grouting of ceramic tiles, in addition to the risks associated with the system and the analysis of its main characteristics. From there, eight categories of alternative systems were raised and ranked in the Fuzzy-TOPSIS multicriteria decision-making. The chosen system was the monolithic system (e.g. epoxy resins), which was detailed qualitatively and quantitatively. Finally, ways to optimize the ceramic cladding system were also raised and the impact that these changes would have on the current scenario of civil construction was studied.