Atuação multidisciplinar com ênfase na saúde bucal de pacientes com transtornos mentais e do neurodesenvolvimento: revisão da literatura e elaboração de um e-book educativo

Abstract

Individuals with mental disorders have a higher risk of developing oral pathologies. However, while they frequently receive medical, psychological, psychiatric, and speech therapy care, dental follow-up is often neglected. Thus, the objective of this work was to review the literature on the multidisciplinary approach to patients with Mental Disorders (MD), with an emphasis on oral health, in order to create an educational ebook for multidisciplinary team professionals, providing guidance on the need for referral to dental services. Searches were conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, combining the keywords "Mental Disorders," "Dementia," "Schizophrenia," "Alzheimer Disease," "Neurocognitive Disorders," "Patient Care Team," "Dentist's Role," "Oral Health," and "Dentists" with the Boolean operators “AND” and “OR.” Initially, 320 articles were identified, and of these, 38 were selected to compose the study sample. The inclusion criteria for study selection were: articles with full text available in Portuguese and English, focused on the topic, and published in the last ten years. The exclusion criteria were: articles that did not address the topic, duplicates, letters to the editor, case reports, articles outside the established date range, and articles with unavailable full text. The results revealed structural and interpersonal barriers in the care of patients with MD, with an emphasis on oral health. The lack of adequate services and prepared multidisciplinary teams imposes limitations on the management of these individuals' health. As oral health and mental health are interconnected and part of a whole, neglecting care can negatively affect the well-being and overall health of individuals with MD. Therefore, a collaborative effort among multidisciplinary team professionals, including dentists, is necessary to highlight the oral health needs of patients and encourage the pursuit of specialized dental care.