Ocorrência de câncer do colo do útero e de suas lesões precursoras em mulheres fora da população-alvo preconizada para o rastreio pelo exame colpocitológico

Abstract

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide. Objective: To determine the rates of pre-malignant and malignant lesions of the cervix and perform a dynamic diagnosis of this disease in women outside the target population recommended for screening in the country, in Minas Gerais (MG) and Governador Valadares (GV). Material and methods: An observational, retrospective study was carried out, based on data from the Cancer Information System, to obtain information from GV, MG and Brazil (BR), from January 2013 to December 2023. The frequency of pre-malignant and malignant lesions of the cervix, observed in the colpocytology examination was verified considering the age group. Results: Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) were the most frequent abnormal finding, regardless of age group; and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) were significantly higher in women up to 24 years old, in the three spheres. The rates observed for atypical squamous cells that cannot exclude high-grade lesion (ASC-H), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) with features suspicious of invasion and invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) were significantly higher among women aged 65 or older, as well as the rates of invasive endocervical adenocarcinoma in BR and MG, and the rates of invasive endometrial adenocarcinoma in BR. Conclusion: It was possible to observe a higher frequency of low-grade lesions in women aged up to 24 years and a higher frequency of more serious lesions, including cervical cancer, in women aged 65 or older, which leads to a reflection on the interruption of screening after the age of 64, as recommended by the guidelines for cervical cancer screening.