Revisão sistemática sobre os modelos tridimensionais de cultura de células de gliobastoma: aplicações, vantagens e desvantagens

Abstract

Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the types of neoplasms with the greatest impact and lethality in humanity. The studies developed that tested medicines and treatments for many years faced barriers in vivo and the inability of 2D culture models to faithfully represent interactions. From this, 3D cultivation models emerge as a viable, low-cost alternative capable of being used to simulate physiological conditions more reliably. Within this type of cultivation, several models have been proposed for glioblastoma. Therefore, the objective of this study is to examine different types of 3D culture models used in the treatment of glioblastomas. To this end, a search was carried out in several databases between the years 2020 and 2024 using the following descriptors “3D culture” and “glioblastoma” and “advantages of 3D culture”; or “glioblastoma” and “disadvantages of 3D culture”; or “glioblastoma” and “application of 3D culture”. The bibliographic search with the descriptors generated 2299 articles. After reading the titles and summary/abstract, 2269 articles were excluded, the remaining 30 publications were read in full and 25 were considered eligible to prepare this review, as 5 works were review articles. Of the 25 publications, different 3D culture models were found, such as spheroids (5 articles), organoids (5 articles), 3D bioprinting (4 articles), microfluidics (4 articles), tumorospheres (3 articles), organotypic slices (3), tumoroid (2), explants (1 article).All 3D models described in this review provide excellent tools to better understand GBM biology and predict drug response. However, there are still limitations to fulfill all GBM criteria in vivo and reduce the gap leading to clinical trial failure. These models propose a reproduction of tumor cytoarchitecture and cellular heterogeneity or the surrounding healthy brain microenvironment. The combination of both can open up the possibility of creating and elaborating more accurate models. The 3D models are important tools for understanding GBM biology and predicting drug responses, but they still have limitations in fully reproducing in vivo conditions and overcoming failures in clinical trials. Combining these approaches can lead to the development of more accurate models.