Adaptação materna à síndrome congênita pelo vírus zika: uma análise à luz de Callista Roy

Abstract

The Congenital Syndrome associated with Zika Virus Infection (CSZ) encompasses a set of genetic anomalies observed in children born to mothers infected with the virus during pregnancy. It is classified under the group of Complex Chronic Conditions (CCC) due to the multiple sequelae presented. Research in recent years highlights that mothers are the primary individuals involved in this process and must adapt to caring for a child with a complex chronic condition. To better understand the adaptation process, Callista Roy's theory was chosen, focusing on her four adaptive modes: physiological mode, self-concept, role function, and interdependence. In this context, the present study aimed to understand the maternal adaptation process, from diagnosis to the care and treatment of children with congenital Zika syndrome, considering Roy's adaptive modes. This exploratory, descriptive, and qualitative study was conducted with 20 mothers of children diagnosed with CSZ, identified remotely through social media networks. Semi-structured interviews were conducted via the Google Meet application, recorded, and transcribed. Data saturation criteria were applied, and the collected data underwent inductive thematic analysis. From the analysis, the results were categorized into two themes: 1) Discovering the diagnosis of congenital syndrome: maternal emotional impacts and understanding through the theoretical lens; and 2) Caring for a child diagnosed with congenital Zika syndrome: adaptation under the theoretical perspective. The research results indicated that mothers, despite the challenges faced with the diagnosis and treatment, adapted to the new reality through the modes of self-concept, role function, and interdependence. The study highlighted the need for healthcare services to implement actions that also address the needs of these mothers.