Sistema computacional para pré-dimensionamento de estações de tratamento de esgotos domésticos para municípios de pequeno e médio porte

Abstract

The discharge of sewage with none or insufficient treatment in the environment causes pollution of water resources, and limiting the uses of water as result, in addition it increases the contamination by waterborne diseases, presenting a risk to public health. In this context, Brazil does not have environmental sanitation infrastructure with satisfactory and universalized service across its territory, there are deficits in basic care services, such as the sewage treatment. Despite the growing concern with the treatment of sewage, most municipalities still have shortage of qualified technical manpower for development of sanitation projects. In this scenario, this study aimed to create clear guidelines for calculations of the hydraulic design of wastewater treatment technologies, and the development of a software in Visual Basic that performs these calculations of the hydraulic design stations for domestic sewage treatment. The software was called SIDE (System for Pre-Design of Sewage Treatment Plants). Therefore, it was selected some usual treatment technologies applied in Brazil, which presents lower cost at both deployment and operation, and simplified operation, with minimal levels of mechanization. For this, it was adopted the following flowcharts of treatment: 1) facultative pond; 2) facultative pond followed by maturation pond; 3) anaerobic pond followed by facultative pond and maturation pond; 4) UASB followed by polishing pond; 5) UASB followed by biological filter; 6) UASB followed by anaerobic filter; and 7) septic tank followed by anaerobic filter. From the data entered by the user, such as population data, population growth rate, per capita quota of water, wastewater characteristics that you want to treat, among others, the program performs the hydraulic design calculations of the chosen treatment flow chart and displays the results in a report. The software SIDE presented itself as a tool with a friendly interface, simple use, and with wide possibility of applications such as in aid of sanitation projects, as well as for teaching purposes.