Zoneamento de áreas de pastagens degradadas aptas a implementação de sistemas de geração de energia renovável

Abstract

Energy production is one of the pillars of today's society, requiring not only the guarantee of meeting current demand, but also adequate planning to meet future demand. Furthermore, it is very important that production be diversified and environmentally appropriate, producing the largest amount of energy with the least environmental impact. In this scenario, this study aimed to zoning areas with indications of degradation suitable for solar and wind energy generation. A systematic review of the literature was carried out with the aim of gathering information on studies that reconciled renewable energy generation with the reuse of degraded areas, seeking to understand which factors were important to the authors and which should have been studied. Based on this information, the methodology was developed that took into account pasture areas with signs of degradation, social, political and social restrictions, infrastructure factors and the physical and resource aspects of the national territory. Once all the layers were in hand – raster and vector –, a hierarchy was created using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodology in order to determine a weight for each layer and calculate the suitability to receive a power plant – wind, solar or hybrid. The results showed considerable suitability in the solar typology, with approximately 800 thousand km² of areas with indications of degradation that can generate energy classified as good or excellent. The wind typology, although more restrictive, presented good results, as did the hybrid typology. In general, there is great potential for the diversification of the energy matrix in the coming decades in Brazil. The suitability of pasture areas with signs of degradation for generating solar and wind energy corroborates the need to guarantee energy security, fundamental to all sectors of society, and the reduction of water dependence, a factor that has been worrying researchers given the changes in hydrological cycles. caused by climate change.