Televisão e legislação de mídia: telejornalismo público e comercial no Brasil e em Portugal

Abstract

The thesis aims to analyze the television news production of public and commercial broadcasters in two countries of the Community of Portuguese Speaking Countries (CPLP), Brazil and Portugal, against the backdrop of the existence of different regulatory frameworks in both. Through the comparison of media legislation and the historical and structural reality of the media system of the two nations, with emphasis on indicating the main laws, the degree of concentration and regulation of public and commercial media, specifically on television, we seek here verify whether there were impacts of these different regulatory realities on the television journalism actually practiced. This research analyzes, in the light of Content Analysis (Bardin, 2011), the main public broadcaster news program and the main commercial broadcaster in each country, chosen based on the criteria of audience and possibility of access. In Brazil, the Jornal Nacional, from Rede Globo (commercial) and Jornal da Cultura, from TV Cultura (public) are analyzed; in Portugal, Telejornal, from RTP1 – Rádio e Televisão de Portugal (public) and Jornal das 8, from TVI (commercial) are analyzed. 06 editions were analyzed in the period from July 2021 and 06 editions from July 2022, totaling 48 units of analysis. This period reflects the years of presidential elections in the countries. The main research problem is to point out the similarities and differences between public and commercial television news within these countries, but also how the patterns of television journalism in the two nations can be compared - with the intention of testing the hypothesis that differences in regulatory frameworks and the degree of media concentration help to explain possible discrepancies in television journalism in Brazil and Portugal. The study starts from the contextualization of countries, territories and communication, and uses in its theoretical framework of reference the concepts of geographies (visible and invisible) of communication. It uses multiple methodologies: bibliographic research, document analysis, case study, international comparative research and content analysis. Among the main findings of the research is the indication that in the sample studied, different countries' regulatory frameworks are more associated with the standards adopted by television news programs than necessarily the differences between public or commercial television journalism within the same country.