Avaliação da infecção natural por Plasmodium (Novyella) juxtanucleare Versiani & Gomes, 1941 em Gallus gallus Linnaeus, 1758 e outros Galliformes

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of Plasmodium juxtanucleare in galliform birds, focusing on prevalence, parasitic density, and distribution in the study areas. The research was conducted in Minas Gerais, covering both rural and urban areas. The methodology involved blood sample collection followed by microscopic examination for parasite identification. The results revealed a high prevalence of P. juxtanucleare infection in Gallus gallus, ranging from 50% to 100% in the studied locations. Although other galliform species were present in the investigated areas, the parasite was found exclusively in G. gallus. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences in prevalence between urban and rural areas. Parasitic indices such as mean density and mean infection abundance were also assessed. There was considerable variation in parasitic density between locations, with São Sebastião and São Sebastião II sites standing out due to their similar physical proximity and environmental conditions, which showed high indices. Analysis of the parasite's erythrocytic stages revealed a predominance of trophozoites, followed by schizonts and gametocytes. The conclusions highlight the susceptibility of G. gallus to the parasite and the efficiency of P. juxtanucleare dissemination strategies. Additionally, the Boa Vista site is identified as a suitable environment for infection maintenance, with a prevalence of 100% in G. gallus. In summary, this study provides important insights into the epidemiology of avian malaria caused by P. juxtanucleare in galliform birds, contributing to a better understanding of the disease dynamics and providing support for future control and prevention strategies.