Eficiência produtiva das ferrovias de carga no Brasil: uma aplicação da Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA)

Abstract

This work aimed to evaluate the productive efficiency of freight railways in Brazil using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Data made available by the National Land Transport Agency (ANTT) between the years 2019 and 2022 were analyzed, referring to 12 railway concessionaires. For the study, the variables number of locomotives, number of trains formed and number of wagons were selected as inputs, while the Useful Tonne Kilometer (TKU) and the number of accidents were considered outputs in the DEA CCR and BCC models. The results indicate that, of the 45 DMUs evaluated, 5 reached maximum efficiency in the CCR model, and 10 were efficient in the BCC model. Railways such as Rumo Malha Sul, Rumo Malha Paulista and Estrada de Ferro Paraná-Oeste operated on an optimal scale in certain years, standing out as the most efficient in the country. The other concessionaires presented technical and scale inefficiencies, suggesting the need for improvements in management and production.