Trauma oclusal e periodontite: uma revisão de literatura

Abstract

Occlusal trauma can be characterized as an lesion that causes tissue changes in the periodontal attachment apparatus, and periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that affects the supporting tissues of the teeth, resulting in the destruction of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. The relationship between these conditions has been the subject of research for decades and currently remains controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between occlusal trauma and periodontal disease, in terms of diagnosis, etiology and treatment, through a literature review. Since the diagnosis of occlusal trauma can only be made on the basis of histological analysis, clinical and radiographic signs are used, such as tooth mobility and widening of the periodontal ligament space. The evidence in the literature shows that there is an association between occlusal trauma and periodontal disease, but it is not responsible for leading to the onset of the disease, and its role in its progression has not yet been fully clarified, as there are differences in the study models used, ways of inducing the disease and the nature of the occlusal forces. Ethical issues involved in studying these conditions in humans interfere with conducting research, and the use of animals or cadavers for analysis does not reliably reproduce the repercussions caused in humans. For this reason, more research is needed before a definition can be drawn up.