Multifatores envolvidos na causa da doença cárie em adulto

Abstract

The objective of this clinical case report was to highlight the importance of acquired systemic factors, such as bariatric surgery, vitamin D deficiency, and thyroid dysfunction, as well as the extrinsic factor associated with diet, specifically the daily excessive consumption of cola-based soda, in the etiology and aggravation of dental caries in an adult female patient. The patient sought evaluation at the Dental Clinic of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora (FO-UFJF) due to widespread dental sensitivity and esthetic concerns regarding her teeth. During the anamnesis, the main recorded factors included a history of bariatric surgery, daily use of Puran 112 medication for hypothyroidism control, and the habit of indiscriminate consumption of cola-based soda. Upon clinical examination, white spot lesions were observed on the cervical aspect of the vestibular surface of almost all teeth, white spot lesions associated with active caries lesions, and dentin caries lesions. The treatment plan initially involved implementing an oral environment adjustment protocol and subsequently performing final composite resin restorations. Based on complementary laboratory tests and a literature review for the study of this clinical case, it was observed that risk factors associated with vitamin D deficiency, uncontrolled hypothyroidism, and bariatric surgery without subsequent medical and dental follow-up played a crucial role in the dental demineralizations present in the examined teeth and the progression of caries disease. Thus, it is concluded that dental caries and biocorrosion have a multifactorial cause in adult patients, and there is difficulty in controlling these diseases in the presence of systemic and local compromise.