Aptidão física, satisfação e qualidade de vida de idosos hipertensos: Comparação entre o treinamento resistido recomendado pelas diretrizes brasileiras de hipertensão arterial-2020 e o treinamento resistido com restrição de fluxo sanguíneo

Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of resistance training recommended by the Brazilian Guidelines for Arterial Hypertension-2020 and resistance training with blood flow restriction (BFR) on physical fitness, satisfaction, and quality of life in hypertensive elderly individuals. The sample consisted of 19 medicated hypertensive elderly individuals (67.5±1.7 years; 73.7% women). Volunteers underwent preliminary procedures (anamnesis; measurement of resting blood pressure and heart rate; anthropometric evaluation) and were then randomly divided into two experimental groups: Without BFR (N=9; 67.8±1.8 years; 77.8% women); With BFR (N=10; 67.3±1.6 years; 70.0% women). Both groups underwent a 10-week intervention period with 2 resistance training sessions per week. During the intervention period, training sessions for the Without BFR Group consisted of: four resistance exercises (Elbow Extension, Elbow Flexion, Knee Extension, and Knee Flexion), performed unilaterally (right and left), 3 sets to moderate fatigue (subjective reduction in movement speed), at an intensity of 50% of 1 RM, with a rest interval of 90 seconds between sets. Training sessions for the With BFR Group consisted of: four resistance exercises (Elbow Extension, Elbow Flexion, Knee Extension, and Knee Flexion), performed unilaterally (right and left), 3 sets to moderate fatigue (subjective reduction in movement speed), at an intensity of 30% of 1 RM, with cuffs inflated to 70% of the total occlusion pressure corresponding to each limb (upper and lower, right and left), respecting a rest interval of 90 seconds between sets. Before and after the intervention period, volunteers underwent specific physical fitness tests for the elderly population and responded to validated questionnaires related to life satisfaction (Life Satisfaction Index in the Elderly) and quality of life (SF-12-v2 and SF-36). The data were analyzed descriptively and inferentially according to the characteristics of the variables and the research objectives. Both types of resistance training promoted similar increases (significant effect over time, P<0.001) in performance in the following physical fitness tests: Chair Stand (Without BFR: 13.0±0.6 vs. 18.4±0.8 reps; With BFR: 14.6±0.8 vs. 21.5±1.4 reps), Arm Curl (Without BFR: 15.1±1.2 vs. 22.4±0.9 reps; With BFR: 17.6±0.9 vs. 25.4±1.0 reps), Stationary March (Without BFR: 140.4±10.4 vs. 163.2±9.7 steps; With BFR: 145.7±8.7 vs. 180.6±10.4 steps), Sit and Reach (Without BFR: 0.8±2.0 vs. 5.9±2.4 cm; With BFR: 0.9±2.3 vs. 2.7±2.5 cm), and Timed Up and Go (Without BFR: 6.1±0.3 vs. 5.2±0.2; With BFR: 5.4±0.3 vs. 4.7±0.3 cm). Both types of resistance training did not influence (no significant effect or interaction, P>0.05) performance in the Back Scratch test, life satisfaction (Domains: Optimism, Resilience and Moral Strength, Congruence in Expected and Achieved Goals, Positive Self-Concept, and Mood), and quality of life (Domains: Functional Capacity, Limitation due to Physical Aspects, Pain, General Health, Vitality, Social Aspects, Limitation due to Emotional Aspects, and Mental Health; Components: Physical and Mental). It is concluded that there was no difference between the effects of resistance training recommended by the Brazilian Guidelines on Arterial Hypertension-2020 and resistance training with BFR on physical fitness, satisfaction, and quality of life in hypertensive elderly individuals.