Análise de viabilidade econômica de baterias de segunda vida em prossumidores residenciais sob as perspectivas da REN 482 e Lei 14.300

Abstract

Batteries and energy storage systems, in general, have been increasingly widespread and researched technologies. Their characteristics include aspects related to composition, size, storage capabilities, and installed power, which are determined and dimensioned according to the chosen application. The insertion of this technology into the electrical grid generates impacts and changes not only in the interconnected system but also in the energy markets. Energy from storage systems can be sold in multiple markets: day-ahead, real-time and ancillary market; though, some feasibility studies are necessary. One of the difficulties in using batteries for this purpose is related to the high cost. However, the global and national market for electric vehicles has been growing every year, with the disposal of batteries used in these still being an open topic – since for such applications, lithium-ion batteries are retired when they reach 70% - 80% of their lifespan. This work evaluates the second-life use of these batteries in residential photovoltaic prosumer systems, carrying out an investment forecast analysis considering the changes foreseen in the supervisory tariff model. The uses methodology via linear programming to minimize the prosumer's daily operating costs, considering optimized dispatch of the electricity produced by the photovoltaic system to adequately meet the residential load, in addition to calculating the effects of manipulation regarding the calendar and manipulation regarding the number of cycles performed by the battery during its operational period. The study shows the viability trend of implementing second-life batteries for this purpose – reaching cases with a return on investment of more than 500%, in addition to bringing examples of applications found in the literature – such as other residential, commercial, industrial and network services.