Implantes dentários em pacientes sob terapêutica com bisfosfonatos: precauções, riscos e mitos

Abstract

Dentistry has advanced severely in recent years, through the advancement of oral rehabilitation it has been possible to place implants. Some drug classes may have a direct interaction with bone tissue and consequently affect dental treatment, especially in oral rehabilitation carried out with implants. Bisphosphonates (BFs) are a class of drugs prescribed for patients with bone resorptive diseases. The objective of this work was to review the scientific literature on the use of bisphosphonates and their possible adverse effects, with the aim of predicting unwanted interactions and preventing risks. A search for articles was carried out using the Scielo, BIREME and PubMed databases in the last 15 years. Osteonecrosis of the jaws associated with the use of bisphosphonates (BIONJ) is an adverse effect that is characterized by non-healing of exposed bone in the mandibular region and its origin is multifactorial, compromising the quality of life of affected patients. The use of implants in patients who underwent therapy with bisphosphonates does not reach the consensus of a prohibition, most of the contraindications are in patients who are undergoing cancer treatment and who make use of intravenous bisphosphonates. Professionals should be aware of the different medications on the market and be aware of the factors that can contribute to the onset of osteonecrosis, requiring a comprehensive analysis of their patients and complete follow-up with medical professionals regarding possible suspensions of medication that could favor the rehabilitations.