Análise da ocorrência de eventos adversos em pacientes cirúrgicos: revisão integrativa

Abstract

Adverse events (AEs) are defined as harm caused to the patient due to failures in care associated with treatment. Given that the surgical environment is characterized as a critical and high-risk area of care, the World Health Organization (WHO) launched surgical safety as the Second Global Patient Safety Challenge. AEs related to surgical care can be potentially serious, leading to significant physical and emotional harm to the patient, as well as financial losses to healthcare institutions. In light of this, the objective of this research was to analyze the occurrence of AEs in surgical patients. Methodology: An Integrative Literature Review was conducted from June to July 2023, using the databases LILACS, SCIELO, and CAPES. Controlled descriptors from the Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS) were used, including "Patient Safety," "Adverse Effects," and "Operative Surgical Procedures," with the boolean operator AND to perform the search. Results: Six studies on the topic were found. The association of two AEs in the same patient was evidenced, with surgical site infection being the main identified AE. Final considerations: The studies that composed the sample highlighted the vulnerability of surgical patients, underscoring the need to analyze the circumstances in which AEs occurred and the associated factors, as well as the improvement of surgical techniques.