A conservação do Sítio Arqueológico Toca do Índio no Município de Chiador - MG: relação entre a abordagem geossistêmica e a arqueologia da paisagem

Abstract

The inherent complexity of the contemporary era has led to a growing need to develop comprehensive and interdisciplinary scientific approaches. The integration of Geography and Archaeology has emerged as a prominent feature within contemporary interdisciplinary perspectives. This integration involves a combination of theories, methods, and techniques from both disciplines, applying their knowledge towards common purposes. The resolution of these scopes requires systematic and integrative methodological approaches. The present study investigates the conservation of the archaeological site Toca do Índio, located in the municipality of Chiador, MG, with the main objective of demonstrating and reflecting upon the possibilities and limitations of a dialogical approach between geosystems and landscape archaeology for the development of proposals for archaeological site conservation. The methodology involved the analysis of geographic data, archaeological surveys, and the application of remote sensing techniques. The results indicate that a geosystem approach, which considers the interaction between the physical and biological elements of the environment, contributes to the understanding of processes for the conservation of the archaeological site, aligning with Landscape Archaeology. The latter aided in the identification and spatial distribution of geoindicators, as well as their relationships with the geographical patterns of the study area. Thus, the importance of the integrated conservation of the Toca do Índio archaeological site is highlighted, taking into account not only the archaeological aspects but also the environmental and landscape factors. The geosystem approach provides a theoretical basis for the management and preservation of this heritage, allowing for a holistic and sustainable view towards the conservation of the site under investigation in this research. This study contributes to the fields of geography and archaeology by demonstrating the compatibility of integrating geosystem approaches and landscape archaeology in the understanding and protection of archaeological sites. It is important to emphasize that this study does not exhaust the possibilities of research regarding the alignment between geosystems and landscape archaeology, and its results guide future actions for the conservation and management of the Toca do Índio archaeological site, serving as a reference for other areas with similar characteristics.