Pontos de corte de Índice de massa corporal e suas relações com doenças crônicas não transmissíveis em idosos

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the association between nutritional status according to different cutoff points for Body Mass Index (BMI) and the occurrence of morbidity in the elderly. Methods: Elderly people enrolled in the Family Health Strategy of Governador Valadares-MG (n= 365) were interviewed about socioeconomic conditions and health, and evaluated according to Lipschitz, World Health Organization (WHO), and Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) criteria for BMI classification. The association between variables was estimated using the Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (95%CI). Results: The eutrophic nutritional status varied between 24.9% and 32.3%, overweight between 57.3% and 73.2% and underweight between 1.9% and 15.3%, depending on the cutoff point. According to the Lipschitz classification, low weight was associated with a lower occurrence of osteoarticular (OR= 0.38; 95%CI:0.15-0.93) and cardiometabolic (OR= 0.42; 95%CI:0.19-0.94) diseases. Overweight was associated with a higher occurrence of cardiometabolic diseases (OR= 2.26; 95%CI:1.30-3.93). Considering WHO criteria, low weight was associated with a lower occurrence of cardiometabolic diseases (OR= 0.09; 95%CI:0.01-0.61), overweight with a lower occurrence of neuropsychological diseases (OR= 0.47; CI95%:0.26-0.87), obesity to the highest occurrence of osteoarticular (OR= 1.95; 95%CI:1.08-3.52) and cardiometabolic diseases (OR=3.02; 95%CI:1.54-5.93). According to PAHO, low weight was associated with a lower occurrence of cardiometabolic diseases (OR= 0.45; 95%CI:0.22-0.91), obesity with a higher occurrence of osteoarticular (OR= 1.91; 95%CI:1.16-3.15), cardiometabolic (OR= 2.58; 95%CI:1.36-4.85), and respiratory (OR= 1.96; 95%CI:1.16-3.16) diseases. Conclusion: Both classification criteria showed negative associations (underweight) and positive (overweight) with the occurrence of morbidities, there was greater strength in the association when differentiating overweight from obesity.