Panorama do ride sourcing na mobilidade urbana: um estudo de caso do transporte sob demanda por aplicativo em Juiz de Fora (MG)

Abstract

In recent years, digital technologies have revolutionized urban mobility in Brazilian cities, facilitating the transport of goods and people. Since 2014, on-demand ride services operate in Brazil through mobile applications, connecting drivers, passengers and businesses. The ODRS are divided into three segments: (1) ride sourcing, which operates rides with single origin and single destination; (2) ride splitting, which performs shared rides, with routes that intersect in some way, with different origin or destination; and (3) delivery, which transports commercialized and non-commercial goods. From the perspective of passengers, the ODRS are commonly seen as advances for contributing to the minimization of costs and travel time. For drivers, this mode of transport figures as a flexible work option and an alternative to supplement income. For public managers, the ODRS present themselves as a challenge: their interaction with other means of transport is conflicting and constant service updates hinder their regulation. . In the city of Juiz de Fora (MG), these services have been offered since 2016, and there is still no specific regulation. The available segments in the city are ride sourcing and delivery, but since this study focused on people transportation, only ride sourcing was addressed. Thus, the aim was to elaborate an overview of ride sourcing in the city, seeking to understand how this means of transport is used and how this use influences the local dynamics of urban mobility. The methods used were literature review, data collection (such as questionnaires with passengers and drivers) and subsequent data analysis. The information found reveal varied aspects, such as the profile of passengers and drivers; the spatial and quantitative distribution of trips; and the patterns of travels. The panorama serves as a reference for the study of ride sourcing in medium-sized Brazilian cities and can assist local government in the development of public policies, benefiting the population of Juiz de Fora as a whole.