Fatores associados ao autocuidado e à qualidade de vida em indivíduos com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 atendidos em um ambulatório especializado

Abstract

The study aimed to investigate factors associated with self-care and quality of life in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated at a specialized clinic. Cross-sectional study with 158 adults and elderly with type 2 diabetes mellitus followed at the outpatient clinic of the University Hospital of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora/EBSERH. Applications of two 24-hour recalls on non-consecutive days, Diabetes Self-Care Activities Questionnaire, Diabetes Knowledge Scale Questionnaire, Diabetes Quality of Life Measure-Brazil Questionnaire, sociodemographic information obtained from the 2016 Brazil Economic Classification Criteria, income monthly family member data obtained through a structured interview, anthropometry collected and classified by a nutritionist, clinical data acquired from the individuals' medical records. The variables percentage contribution of in natura, processed and ultra-processed foods, daily water intake, per capita income, number of family members, family members who work or have benefits, age group, sex, selfcare, knowledge about the disease were analyzed. , quality of life, time since diagnosis of the disease, nutritional monitoring, weight, height, Body Mass Index, waist circumference, neck circumference. Simple linear regression was performed for selfcare associations with other variables and binary logistic regression for analyzes related to quality of life (p<0.05). It was observed that there was a major caloric contribution from in natura foods (63.4%), relatively low per capita income (R$954.00), most of the sample consisted of elderly people (55.7%), females (65 .8%), which had predominantly low adherence to self-care (87.3%), adequate knowledge about the disease (70.9%) and better quality of life (56.3%). With regard to nutritional status, their median Body Mass Index reflects the presence of grade I obesity in adult participants and overweight among the elderly (31.1 kg/m²). The greater the knowledge about the disease, per capita income, the greater the adherence to self-care and the lower the consumption of processed foods, the greater the adherence to self-care practices. The greater the age, the better the quality of life, the smaller the number of people in the family who work or have benefits, the worse the quality of life. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a growing and highly prevalent pathology worldwide. Thus, it is necessary to study the factors possibly affected in the monitoring and specialized care routines, such as self-care and quality of life. There is a positive relationship between knowledge about the disease and per capita income with self- care and a negative association between the consumption of processed foods and greater adherence to self-care, in addition to the fact that the greater the age, the better the quality and the smaller the number of members in the family who work or have benefits, the worse the quality of life. It is up to health professionals, as well as specialized routines, to consider such aspects for assistance to individuals so that cooperatively, through therapeutic guidelines and interventions, self-care and quality of life are optimized regardless of factors to be overcome and/or used for such purposes.