Avaliação dos afluentes e efluentes em sistemas de biodigestores em escala real para a produção de biogás e biofertilizante a partir de dejetos da pecuária leiteira

Abstract

The agriculture occupies an important sector of the economy in Brazil, the industrialization of raw milk was 5.328 billion liters in the first half of 2013, these data reflect the steady growth of dairy farming (IBGE, 2013), thereby increasing the generation of waste polluting the environment. This study aims to generate scientific knowledge of influent and effluent obtained during a process of anaerobic digestion, fed cattle manure dairy products. In order to reduce environmental pollution load, plus a review of the production of biogas and biofertilizers, contributing to a sustainable economy. This work was accompanied by a digester full-scale continuous Canadian model to characterize the system. Assays were performed twice during the year 2014, summer and winter. To characterize the influent and effluent samples were collected at 4 points of the digestion system, and performed physical, chemical and microbiological analyzes, with the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 62 days for fermentation held in summer and 96 days to the process performed in the winter. The Canadian biodigester not changed in its operation due to seasonality. There was no significant difference to the chemical and microbiological physical parameters. The biogas produced was of high quality, with a high concentration of methane. The significant potential for eliminating microbial groups by the digester showed the feasibility in the use of bio-fertilizers to traditional crops. As can be seen that the anaerobic digestion proved to be very efficient for the reduction of this organic load in the tributaries of dairy farming, making economically attractive and environmentally the use of digesters and its by-products, biogas and bio-fertilizer.