A construção midiática na deslegitimação de governos constitucionais: enquadramentos noticiosos da Folha de S. Paulo e de O Globo (2016) e estratégias comunicacionais do complexo Ipês/IBAD (1964)

Abstract

This dissertation aims to analyse the news framing developed by two Brazilian media outlets ― Folha de São Paulo and O Globo ― before the impeachment of Dilma Rousseff (PT), in 2016, whilst comparing the narrative strategies of some organizations such as Ipês/IBAD, which worked towards the fall of the government of João Goulart (PTB), in 1964. Using the content analyses methodology, we sought to identify the narratives presented in the actions of the two most read newspapers in the country during the time that preceded the downfall of Dilma Rousseff in 2016, allowing the comparison to the narratives published by Ipês/IBAD in 1964. The tested hypothesis was that the media outlets ― of property of family conglomerates with specific interests ― purposely neglected positive canvass for these governments, while other themes were put on focus in a scandalous light. As a corpus, we analysed 699 articles and elaborated 265 tables reaching results such as: 126 stories, editorials and headlines published by O Globo, criticizing the government policies, between January 2016 and September 1st of the same year, when the deposition of the president Dilma Rousseff was announced, and whose happened the day before. Meanwhile, in Folha de São Paulo, there were 130, during the same period. The stories, editorials and headlines focusing on Dilma are also in a significative number: 98 in O Globo and 96 in Folha de São Paulo. Regarding the actions of the Ipês/IBAD complex, we analysed the data relating to the CPI about the IBAD, from 1963, which based itself on 500 documents displayed by the former governor of Pernambuco, Miguel Arraes. The data from Ipês was widely analysed in works already published by the historian René Dreifuss in 1964, A Conquista do Estado, and by me, Propaganda e Cinema a Serviço do Golpe, in 1962 – 1964. The main empiric findings of this research answered affirmatively to almost all the initially formulated hypothesis. The objective data on the analysed coverage of O Globo and Folha de São Paulo in 2016 confirmed the expectation that many narrative mottos used in 1964 by Ipês/IBAD were also present in the news coverage of 2016. Corruption, the political deflation of the government, and the unbridled criticism of economical actions are some examples. In the same way, it became evident that the newspapers produced scandalous headlines, inquisitive editorials, and biased and persecutory stories ― neglecting the offer of information that could be beneficial to Dilma Rousseff’s government. The compiled data showed that the coverage disregarded the journalistic criteria of presenting the contradictory and checking the documents received from their sources.